Gay marriage Essay

Homosexual marriage is one of the old but controversial issues around the world. Compared to the past, it seems to become a more open debate among people. At the same time, people seem to be more swayable than before, but towards the gay marriage, different voices have still been hovering in the air. Gay people and their supporters have been striving for their rights to get married legally, while others who against gay marriage have never stopped deterring it. Strongly against gay marriage is the central theme of Louis P. Sheldon’s article Gay Marriage â€Å"Unnatural†. According to the author’s views, gay marriage is ‘unnatural’, and it is contrary to the essence of the marriage. Meanwhile, it disobeys Americans social values as well as against their standards. In explaining his perspectives, the author has stated that â€Å"homosexual marriage† is rejected by main Americans according to the polls. In particular, he assumes that gay marriage is both culturally and physically incompatible since the gay people lack of reproduction capacity, to do so, third person has to be involved, which violates the nature of marriages. Drawing on to sustain his views, the author claims that the majorities’ wishes and values of their communities have been unconcerned by judges. Instead, the gay people start to gain more special rights from the judicial tyranny throughout America. Therefore, churches might have to face civil suit for failing to perform homosexual marriage. To reinforce his views, the author insists that it is a chosen behaviour rather than genetic because no reputable medical organizations have ever asserted that is biological. Finally, in the article, Sheldon has restated the poll that 80 percent of Americans are opposed to homosexuals marriage. How believable though, is his statements that according to every reputable public poll approximately 80 percent of Americans are against the same sex marriage? First of all, cogitation on the data, which the author draws on to  support his views, are required. The numbers he presented seem attractive and persuasive, but it is worth noting that no source has been provided for them, so readers do not know how trustworthy they are. In my view, it would be more convincing for example to try referencing the data in his claims like the quoted above as well as the gay people’s average income is twice higher than that of non-gay people in America, and his figures will not be questioned. The author of this article can therefore be criticised here for a lack of citation of sources to back up his views. Another questionable aspect of this article is its hidden premises. Although the author does not openly state that the marriage should be generational, otherwise they should get divorce, this could be understood from the authors’s statement that gay marriage is â€Å"not generational†. While marriage is not only about generating offspring but also means love. It is an insulting claim for the couples who in love but unfortunately could not have children might because fertility problems, health issues, over age, their chosen life style of Dink family, so do they have to separate with each other just because of that? Is it really the essence of marriage? I do not think so. In my view, whether to have kids or not in couples’ marriage lives, it is a matter that couples, including gay couples need to consider and judge not by other irrelevant people, and it should not be an excuse to despoil others rights to get married. Anyhow, the quality of this article has been deg raded due to the hidden premises. The author also commits the fallacy of unsubstantiated claims. He insists that â€Å"Homosexuality is a behaviour-based life-style.† However, there is no further explanations on why he asserts that can be found in this article. Besides, it seems that he also has no evidence to proof that is a chosen behaviour. Furthermore, he mentions that homosexuality people only take up 10 percent of the whole population in America, while the data he referred is not substantiated. Despite these shortcomings, Sheldon’s article still has some value and we need to judge it in terms of the author’s purpose in writing it. It is not intended to be a rigid piece of academic work, but is mainly focused on  arousing people’s attention as well as persuading them to against the legalisation of gay marriage. Therefore, the author has employed loaded words in this piece which have greatly improved the pothos of the article. For example, he uses â€Å"a dead – end street†, â€Å"hardware problem†, â€Å"judicial tyranny†, â€Å"cry the shrillest claim of victimhood†, â€Å"single out† and â€Å"sanitise†. These words could easily grasp readers emotions and lead them act immediately without further considered judgment. Finally reaches his purpose of writing this article. Personally, I think he has successfully applied loaded words in this article.

Deception Point Page 100

I tried to help him, Pickering told himself, recalling all the damaging evidence he had sent Marjorie Tench. Unfortunately, Herney had forbidden its use, leaving Pickering no choice but to take drastic measures. â€Å"Rachel,† Pickering said, â€Å"the information you just faxed off this ship is dangerous. You must understand that. If it gets out, the White House and NASA will look complicit. The backlash against the President and NASA will be enormous. The President and NASA know nothing, Rachel. They are innocent. They believe the meteorite is authentic.† Pickering had not even tried to bring Herney or Ekstrom into the fold because both were far too idealistic to have agreed to any deceit, regardless of its potential to save the presidency or space agency. Administrator Ekstrom's only crime had been persuading the PODS mission supervisor to lie about the anomaly software, a move Ekstrom no doubt regretted the moment he realized how scrutinized this particular meteorite would become. Marjorie Tench, frustrated by Herney's insistence on fighting a clean campaign, conspired with Ekstrom on the PODS lie, hoping a small PODS success might help the President fend off the rising Sexton tide. If Tench had used the photos and bribery data I gave her, none of this would have happened! Tench's murder, though deeply regrettable, had been destined as soon as Rachel called Tench and made accusations of fraud. Pickering knew Tench would investigate ruthlessly until she got to the bottom of Rachel's motives for the outrageous claims, and this was one investigation Pickering obviously could never let happen. Ironically, Tench would serve her president best in death, her violent end helping cement a sympathy vote for the White House as well as cast vague suspicions of foul play on a desperate Sexton campaign which had been so publicly humiliated by Marjorie Tench on CNN. Rachel stood her ground, glaring at her boss. â€Å"Understand,† Pickering said, â€Å"if news of this meteorite fraud gets out, you will destroy an innocent president and an innocent space agency. You will also put a very dangerous man in the Oval Office. I need to know where you faxed the data.† As he spoke those words, a strange look came across Rachel's face. It was the pained expression of horror of someone who had just realized they may have made a grave mistake. Having circled the bow and come back down the port side, Delta-One now stood in the hydrolab from which he had seen Rachel emerge as the chopper had flown in. A computer in the lab displayed an unsettling image-a polychromatic rendering of the pulsating, deepwater vortex that was apparently hovering over the ocean floor somewhere beneath the Goya. Another reason to get the hell out of here, he thought, moving now toward his target. The fax machine was on a counter on the far side of the wall. The tray was filled with a stack of papers, exactly as Pickering had guessed it would be. Delta-One picked up the stack. A note from Rachel was on top. Only two lines. He read it. To the point, he thought. As he flipped through the pages, he was both amazed and dismayed by the extent to which Tolland and Rachel had uncovered the meteorite deception. Whoever saw these printouts would have no doubt what they meant. Fortunately, Delta-One would not even need to hit â€Å"redial† to find out where the printouts had gone. The last fax number was still displayed in the LCD window. A Washington, D.C., prefix. He carefully copied the fax number down, grabbed all the papers, and exited the lab. Tolland's hands felt sweaty on the machine gun as he gripped it, aiming the muzzle at William Pickering's chest. The NRO director was still pressuring Rachel to tell him where the data had been sent, and Tolland was starting to get the uneasy feeling that Pickering was simply trying to buy time. For what? â€Å"The White House and NASA are innocent,† Pickering repeated. â€Å"Work with me. Don't let my mistakes destroy what little credibility NASA has left. NASA will look guilty if this gets out. You and I can come to an arrangement. The country needs this meteorite. Tell me where you faxed the data before it's too late.† â€Å"So you can kill someone else?† Rachel said. â€Å"You make me sick.† Tolland was amazed with Rachel's fortitude. She despised her father, but she clearly had no intention of putting the senator in any danger whatsoever. Unfortunately, Rachel's plan to fax her father for help had backfired. Even if the senator came into his office, saw the fax, and called the President with news of the meteorite fraud and told him to call off the attack, nobody at the White House would have any idea what Sexton was talking about, or even where they were. â€Å"I will only say this one more time,† Pickering said, fixing Rachel with a menacing glare. â€Å"This situation is too complex for you to fully understand. You've made an enormous mistake by sending that data off this ship. You've put your country at risk.† William Pickering was indeed buying time, Tolland now realized. And the reason was striding calmly toward them up the starboard side of the boat. Tolland felt a flash of fear when he saw the soldier sauntering toward them carrying a stack of papers and a machine gun. Tolland reacted with a decisiveness that shocked even himself. Gripping the machine gun, he wheeled, aimed at the soldier, and pulled the trigger. The gun made an innocuous click. â€Å"I found the fax number,† the soldier said, handing Pickering a slip of paper. â€Å"And Mr. Tolland is out of ammunition.† 124 Sedgewick Sexton stormed up the hallway of the Philip A. Hart Senate Office Building. He had no idea how Gabrielle had done it, but she had obviously gotten into his office. While they were speaking on the phone, Sexton had clearly heard the distinctive triple-click of his Jourdain clock in the background. All he could imagine was that Gabrielle's eavesdropping on the SFF meeting had undermined her trust in him and she had gone digging for evidence. How the hell did she get into my office! Sexton was glad he'd changed his computer password. When he arrived at his private office, Sexton typed in his code to deactivate the alarm. Then he fumbled for his keys, unlocked the heavy doors, threw them open, and burst in, intent on catching Gabrielle in the act. But the office was empty and dark, lit only by the glow of his computer screensaver. He turned on the lights, his eyes scanning. Everything looked in place. Dead silence except for the triple-tick of his clock. Where the hell is she? He heard something rustle in his private bathroom and raced over, turning on the light. The bathroom was empty. He looked behind the door. Nothing. Puzzled, Sexton eyed himself in the mirror, wondering if he'd had too much to drink tonight. I heard something. Feeling disoriented and confused, he walked back into his office. â€Å"Gabrielle?† he called out. He went down the hall to her office. She wasn't there. Her office was dark. A toilet flushed in the ladies' room, and Sexton spun, striding now back in the direction of the restrooms. He arrived just as Gabrielle was exiting, drying her hands. She jumped when she saw him. â€Å"My God! You scared me!† she said, looking genuinely frightened. â€Å"What are you doing here?† â€Å"You said you were getting NASA documents from your office,† he declared, eyeing her empty hands. â€Å"Where are they?† â€Å"I couldn't find them. I looked everywhere. That's what took so long.† He stared directly into her eyes. â€Å"Were you in my office?† I owe my life to his fax machine, Gabrielle thought. Only minutes ago she'd been sitting at Sexton's computer, trying to make printouts of the images of illegal checks on his computer. The files were protected somehow, and she was going to need more time to figure out how to print them. She would probably still be trying right now if Sexton's fax machine had not rung, startling her and snapping her back to reality. Gabrielle took it as her cue to get out. Without taking time to see what the incoming fax was, she logged off Sexton's computer, tidied up, and headed out the way she had come. She was just climbing out of Sexton's bathroom when she heard him coming in.

Causes of the boom years in the 1920s Essay Example for Free (#1920)

Causes of the boom years in the 1920s Essay Employers were working fewer hours however were being paid more. This therefore meant industrial goods produced were also increasing. American’s had more time for leisure and more money so electrical labour-saving devices were being introduced becoming affordable by many people. Motor cars eased travel to and from work as well as for leisure pursuits. It was the golden age for cinema and sport attracted vast crowds. Reasons for prosperity: government policies Calvin Coolidge stated ‘the chief business of the American people is business. ’ This was his government policy to let business operate as far as possible, free of regulation. Andrew Mellon and him believed wealth filtered down naturally to all classes and to ensure increased living standards for all was to allow the rich to continue make money to invest in industrial development which therefore meant more job opportunities, more wage earners, more consumption etc. this policy was laissez-faire but the government intervened to support business in 4 ways: Fordney-McCumber Act 1922 à ¯ raised tariffs to cover difference between domestic and foreign production costs Cheaper to buy goods from USA than abroad Tariff level à ¯ foreign goods more expensive than USA even though produced cheaper in USA Foreign trade reduced = domestic demand for goods high Government reduced federal taxes – 1924, 1926 and 1928 (benefited wealthy) Aim à ¯ reduced national debt, federal tax cuts = meant little to poor as not able to pay taxes Federal Trade Commission à ¯ unable and unwilling to operate effectively causing businesses unhindered Coolidge à ¯ avoided involvement in foreign affairs due to budget cutting an recognition that Americans didn’t want to see troops getting caught up in foreign disputes. This meant that investors would favour profit ever over ethical concerns Technical advances in industrial production made increases in quantity and variety of products This industry grew dramatically in the 1920s. It was the largest for commodities. Previously cars had only been for the wealthy but Ford wanted the ordinary to be able to afford one Effects of growth in car ownership: Ford thought this would strengthen traditional American values but it led to: By 1929, motor industry employed 7% of all workers and paid them 9% of all wages Closure of Ford à ¯ factor to recession of 1927 Loss of business by companies providing components to Ford real problems in economy Breaking of laissez-faire à ¯ federal government expend on road building in 1920s Federal Highway Act 1921 à ¯ responsibility for road building to central government and highways. Construction = 10,000 miles per year by 1929 Chief Designer in Bureau of Public Roads 1936 à ¯ roads built unfit for use because of amount of traffic Motor vehicles à ¯ new service industries e.g. garages, petrol stations etc. Improved transportation = new opportunities for industry New technology = large scale development of labour saving devices as cheaper to produce Serious over production = problems in economy Large corporations manufacturing business = could invest in and exploit raw materials of USA on vast scale Large corporations could dominate industry by: Operating cartel (group of companies agreeing to fix output and prices to reduce competition and maximise profits). Although illegal, government accepted which involved exploitation of raw materials, retail outlets etc. Some organisations were able to adapt to holding companies which resulted in firms competing against each other Increased size of businesses à ¯ complex to manage = different management roles by different people in administration Management science, occupation for upper class = indication harder to start own company Advertising and salesmanship: Cinema Millions of cinema-goers to copy lifestyle of stars meant potential for advertising was enormous Began with KDKA station which announced results in 1920 elections Radio’s controlled by 2 companies with a vast audience Growth in industrial production needed a continuous market in order to fuel the boom as people needed to be convinced to buy things frequently. An aspect of a campaign needed to be bought in which would differentiate between one’s product and that of the competitors to promote unique selling point. Advertising techniques worked for many consumers. Massive consumer boom was financed largely by easy credit facilities 1929 à ¯ $7 billion goods were sold on credit – 75% of cars and half of major household appliances Availability of credit meant borrowers took on debts which they could not repay High tariffs were used to protect US markets however the government also encouraged businessmen to develop extensive interests abroad in terms of raw materials that fuelled technological developments. US exported vast amounts of manufactured products. In the 1920s with almost full employment, low inflation, high tariffs keeping foreign goods out of USA, benevolent government policies and a consumer boom the prosperity would go on forever. Causes of the boom years in the 1920s. (2017, Sep 01).

Why people are obsessed with their appearance Essay

Why people are obsessed with their appearance - Essay Example The appearance need not be lavish for all occasions but at least pleasant. Women generally tend to be give more importance to their appearance than men – this is because they are the fairer sex and it comes naturally for them. Men tend to focus on such things as fitness, body building etc. But one strong motivation for both genders is to be attractive to the opposite sex. Apart from appearance being helpful in attracting partners, it also helps establish status among peers. A good dressing sense and a well-kempt appearance will help gain respect among peers (provided, of course, that the individual's behavior is in line with his/her sophisticated outward appearance) What aids and facilitates this obsession is the multi-billion dollar advertising industry which repeatedly projects images of beauty and attractiveness (which are to a degree subjective) onto our television screens, newspaper columns and billboards. It is fair to say that the advertising industry is obsessed with s elling products (useful or not) to people (who want it not) in the guise of projecting them as essential commodities. Popular culture outlets such as Hollywood and Television also plays a part, in that, many ageing movie and TV stars resort to plastic surgery to revive their looks. Fans of the these stars then follow suit. But, in the final analysis, outward appearance cannot compensate for flaws of the personality.

Strategic Management and Competitive Advantage Essay

Strategic Management and Competitive Advantage - Essay Example In the business environment of the air industry there are various challenges to be faced in order to achieve a positive mark. This paper is analyses Case of Scandinavian Airline System. 1. Briefly analyze external environment of and internal strategic capabilities of the company. The knowledge of business external environment is important because it influences entry approach into the market. Scandinavian Airline System external environment consisted of competitors from other airline companies. These competitors were a threat to SAS because they competed for the same segment of customers. SAS had customers scattered in various locations making its operation very costly. Political system favored business environment for SAS because SAS could easily conduct its operation in America and European countries. This enabled the business to expand its market share. SAS realized that it had to redefine its strategic capabilities if it had to meet the needs of its customers in these locations. T he airlines decided to integrate its customers’ needs as a means of serving their interest. It followed that the business had to define its product refinement, process innovation, and service delivery. The arrival of new technology in the airline industry acted as an opportunity for the business to increase its profit. Currier services in Europe led to the introduction of SAS cargo air, which enhanced market grip of the airlines. Internal strategic reformatting of the company included reorganization of the company by decentralizing responsibility. Fragmentation helps in reducing cost while enhancing business performance. When a business becomes very large the management becomes a problem. In this case, Scandinavian Air System decided to decentralize its management body, thus reducing risks that occur due to centralized management system. The decentralization of management was to reduce cost of operation, which was a great threat to the success of the business. Operating cost of the airliner was a threat to its success because high operation cost reduces profit margin. 2. Describe the strategic choices made. SAS divided its market into various zones such as Europe, Latin America and Scandinavian countries. This strategy took into consideration factors such as cultural trends, economic trends, legal conditions, technological changes, demographic trends, and specific international events. SAS developed relationship with other airlines such as KLM and Swissair and strengthened technological cooperation in this industry. Business analysts believe that external growth strategy in business tends to root for horizontal integratio

Topic 1-2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Topic 1-2 - Essay Example In most cases, people get jobs to earn income and gain status, which are part of reasons that make people to work. Career as work refers to a collection of jobs that a person involves in over the individual’s work life. This description is not to mean that work can be a career when a person serve as a nurse for ten years, and then as an hotelier for five years. Work only becomes a career when a person maintains a particular line of work practice though for different periods, positions or work place. For instance, work can be a career when one serves as a junior engineer for ten years and later as chief engineer for ten years. Additionally, a person can be in a career if they work for a particular company as engineer for three years and then for another company in the same position for six years (Brown & Lent, 2013). As a calling, work involves performing a certain activity with great passion and conviction. Work becomes a calling when a person is very concerned about work and considers it a social responsibility and less concern pay even though they work on paid

Change Management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Change Management - Research Paper Example It has its extensive presence in every domain of the society. In the context of modern day business scenario, change is an important part of operational process of the companies irrespective of the industry that they are operating in. In the healthcare sector, with the increased level of business market competition and altering nature of customer demands, change has become quite crucial by a certain degree. However, it cannot be ignored that there exist a proper process of change management, which helps in building a systematic framework and enabling proper implementation of the change proposed (Reiss, 2012). Contextually, this paper will work towards initiating change in a particular healthcare organization, which will comprise analyzing the need for change and the strategies for making that change successful. Identification of Change and Why Identifying the change, which is to be undertaken, is quite vital with regard to build a systematic process for the same. It can be stated tha t the change will be suggested with analyzing the clinical environment of a particular healthcare unit. ... ealthcare unit is observed to be below standards in conducting their certain operational activities in accordance with the norms along with the standards set for the overall industry. Observably, the healthcare unit is seen to be lacking in the practice of hand hygiene. According to the report of CHICA (2013), there are millions of people who often get infected from nosocomial infection due to having deficiency in this particular practice. Hand hygiene, in the healthcare sector provides certain guidelines to both healthcare patients and the professionals in the workplace, so that they mitigate with the rising problems arising from non-adherence to the same (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, n.d.). In this regard, change such as implementation of Infection Prevention and Control Guidelines will be initiated in the healthcare unit. It provides certain strict guidelines with regard to maintain hand hygiene in the unit to ensure enhancement in the performance of the organizatio n (CHICA, 2013). The healthcare unit is also seen to be lacking in providing quality services to the patients. It has been apparently observed that the healthcare organization possesses the responsibility to serve people with utmost integrity and responsibility. However, in analyzing the particular healthcare unit, it has been noted that the satisfaction level of the customers acquiring services from this unit is quite low, which further is a serious threat for the well being of the patients and the performance of the unit altogether. Hence, in this regard, proper implementation of NAHQ based Code of Ethics and Standards of Practice will be initiated as a change in the operation of the healthcare unit, further making sure that the healthcare unit work totally in compliance with the

Restoring the British Museum. Main change challenges faced by the Neil Essay

Restoring the British Museum. Main change challenges faced by the Neil McGregor from the time of his appointment in 2002 - Essay Example However, the charismatic manager exhibited numerous management and leadership qualities that countered the opposition thereby earning him the success he enjoyed. Among the major factors that threatened his success included the lack of motivation exhibited by the employees. The fact that the museum had announced a job cut that would affect more than one hundred and fifty employees of the museum demoralized the entire workforce owing to the anxiety that resulted from the announcement. Motivation refers to a set of mindset that influences the performance of the human resource in an organization. The state of the mind is a fundamental influencer of productivity since it varies the fears an individual feels thereby affecting their productivity (Mills, 1988). The other major challenge the manager faced at the facility was the cultural clash in the existing management. The structure of management that included two managers both of whom were competing for roles and responsibilities created a major confusion in the organization’s culture that threatened the future of the museum. Coupled with the unmotivated employees, Neil McGregor inherited a stagnating facility that would take more than zeal and charisma to revitalize. Neil McGregor inherited such a sluggish workforce. This became his greatest challenge since he could not reverse the mindset of the employees. One hundred and fifty is such a large number that would not only decrease the size and efficiency of the workforce but also threatened the success of Neil McGregor. Prior to his arrival at the facility, the museum had about one thousand five hundred employees. Despite such a large workforce, the rumor of one hundred and fifty employees losing their jobs threatened most of the employees who thus became withdrawn and unmotivated. Each of the employees moved about sluggishly waiting for their retrenchment. The fact the employees who faced the job cut had nothing to lose makes them among the most difficult to

TechWatt Value and Risk Management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

TechWatt Value and Risk Management - Case Study Example These are TechWatt's presently known five requirements. First, fulfil the perception of value in making such a move. Second, provide enough space for 15 people working in a laboratory and light manufacturing. Third, provide enough office space for 12 managers and administrative staff. Fourth, provide space (e.g., a conference room) to accommodate visiting customers and prospects. Two conference rooms are preferable so when visitors use one, TechWatt employees have the other as needed. Fifth, TechWatt has 5 million to make a headquarters. These pre-project objectives are an incomplete "preferred solution". It's an 'initial brief' with too little information to proceed to Strategic Briefing. TechWatt makes software-hardware products. Constructing a headquarters facility is new with many unknowns. TechWatt will rely strongly on its Architect to be the Lead Consultant (LC) responsible to apprise the company of occurring new developments at each step, and giving good advice. Using the LC's experience is the smart approach to manage and try to optimise value and minimise risk, and do a Strategic Briefing. TechWatt must more thoroughly define value. The Architect/LC is in the best position to help clearly and concisely define and communicate value priorities and measurable expectations. This joint-effort Study uses RIBA's Plan of Work to clearly define value. Using RIBA methods, the LC shall guide TechWatt's work to identify and develop requirements (value), as well as identify constraints possibly blocking development. This is 'Work Stage A' or the inception of the Headquarters Project (HQP). Stage A / Inception requires careful considerations, or appraisals of as many things as it is possible to see about the HQP. The output of the Inception/Appraisal is a Strategic Briefing which is 'Stage B'. The Strategic Briefing shall define measurable value for the HQP. To make these determinations TechWatt shall work in conjunction with the LC. For now, all parties are evaluating the initial brief. Needed: Strategic Briefing with clarity - RIBA Work Stages A and B TechWatt needs to clearly determine future goals and scope of the HQP. Between now and the future, there is a gap to bridge. Management perceives value of the HQP as a bridge across the gap. TechWatt management has a Business Case mindset to support the aim to make a new headquarters. Business factors must stay in focus. Emotions must not override them. TechWatt's executive management team and front-line management (hands-on software and hardware experts) are best suited to clarify ideas for a Strategic Briefing about headquarters. To successfully launch the HQP, management must clearly define but not be limited to: - expected value added to TechWatt by the new headquarters, - 'must have' resources (accommodations, capabilities, etc.) in the new headquarters, - 'nice to have' resources (but possible to live without), - people and machines to make headquarters run well into the future, - trade-offs - pros and cons to of creating headquarters or not (cost of "Doing nothing"), - actual costs (Quantity Surveyor with input of Production, Purchasing and Accounting), and - opportunity costs (money lost by not doing certain opportunities; brainstormed largely by

Brahms Symphony N0. 2 1st Movement Research Paper

Brahms Symphony N0. 2 1st Movement - Research Paper Example On the other hand, the existing of social classes during the period could have also played a critical role in his desire to be a composer as opposed to a performer. As a composer, Brahms particularly wrote a number of symphonies, piano works and choral compositions among other pieces. However, his greatest pieces were primarily those based on symphonic and sonata styles. Brahms’s second Symphony was one of the most successful pieces of Brahms’ compositions. Compared to the nearly fifteen years it took Brahms to do his fist symphony, the composition of the second symphony was relatively brief since it only took one year to be completed (Frisch 68). The first movement sonata form which is also known as â€Å"allegro non troppo† begins with double bases and cellos. Without any introduction, the first movement opens just with a Basic motive. The Basic motive generally assumes diverse rhythmic shapes and is gradually shifted to the other measures in order to effective ly pervade the movement. In the Allegro non troppo, the double bases art and the cellos begin the initial movement in a sonata form. Although the composition has no separate tempo designation, the opening movement initializes with a slow introductory section those thematic composition keeps on repeating itself frequently. The tranquil mood is overtaken by introduction of the horns as the standard theme. After around every 50bars the lively main theme that is particularly marked to be played gently and sweetly (dolce) is slowly introduced with the first violin sounds followed by marked cantando in the cellos. Johannes preserved almost every aspect of the structural principles based on the classical masterpiece. In this musical composition the two lively external movements frame slows while the second movement is overtaken by a slightly shorter scherzo. A number of musical frame works in the concerto No. 2 1st movement makes this musical flow fabulous. For instance, Brahms bases most of his movements in this concerto on a melody he had formerly tranquil for the Wiegedlied Op.49 often referred to as the â€Å"Brahms’s lullaby†. In the symphony No.2 1st movement, Brahms’s tune introduces an 82 bar and is continually brought back into existence, re-shaped and restructured both harmonically and rhythmically. In addition, Brahms has also effectively developed the section in a more unique instrumental join that gradually progresses into a full bodied forte in between bar 57 and 58. Much like was in his first symphony, Brahms ha a primarily used simple unifying motive in the first movement of his second symphony. For example the two main unifying motives in the first movement include a half note that is followed with a quarter note and an interval above or below the 1st and 3rd notes (MacDonald 98). As the first movement gradually progresses, the two motives increasingly become more altered, embellished and enterwined. However, these modifications are carefully juxtaposed against the original motives in order to provide a sense of continuity and preserve the fluidity of the piece. For example, in some cases, the second motive occasionally undergoes tonal mutation and transforms into a series of flowing octaves. This is particularly evident in measures between 21 and 28. On second Codetta in the first move

American Dream Essay Example for Free

American Dream Essay Another prop used to represent the truth is the flowers. This makes the ending of Death of a Salesman effective because when Happy and Biff come home after leaving their dad alone in the restaurant they were meant to eat in but instead left with some girls, Happy comes home with some flowers for his mother, Linda. Linda knocks the flowers out of Happys hands out of anger. Linda starts to clean up the mess she has made then realises she has cleaned up enough of her sons messes Pick up this stuff, Im not you maid Linda says. Then the stage direction says Happy turns his back to her in refusal. Biff slowly moves over and gets down on his knees, picking up the flowers which explains another failure of the American Dream. I think this proves the difference between the two brothers and how Biff kneels indicating that he can accept the truth and knows that he cant achieve the American Dream whereas Happy is more stubborn like Willy into believing the dream so Miller intends he is destined to go in the same direction as Willy, which is another failure of the American Dream. Another failure of the American Dream is that Happy follows in his fathers footsteps after he knows what happened to him which led to his suicide which makes the ending of the play effective because this play about Willy could repeat it self but would be about Happy. Happy in a way is brainwashed into thinking that he can reach the American Dream easily because Willy said you just need to be well-liked and masculine when he was younger. Happy is trapped in his own world creating the same tragedy which has already been lived by his father Willy Loman. It also makes the ending of the play effective because Happy still believes in this dream when it might not even be real as he doesnt know anyone who has achieved it. On a materialistic basis, Willy has worked all his life to realize the American Dream but still fails to do that which makes the ending effective. Willy purchases some seeds for his garden and begins to plant them late at night which is another prop which represents the truth. I think Millers intention here was to show the audience that he is close to his suicide but realises that he needs to leave something real and living behind for his family to remember him by. We also know that Willy is close to his suicide because he is planting the seeds at the wrong time of the day, which again I think Millers target here was to give more clues to the audience that Willy was very serious about committing suicide soon. I also think that the seeds that Willy plants are symbolic in a way to another failure of the American Dream because this was Willys desire to grow big and tall ironically just like the plant eventually would. At the end of the play Willy is talking to Ben while he is planting the seeds. He talks about how big his funeral will be before he is even dead making the end of the play effective because hes dreaming about depressing things that will happen after his death for example what his funeral would be like. To be more specific how many people there would be from all over America. This is another failure of the American Dream because Willy shows that he has definitely given up on this dream that he had talked about all his life implying that he is going to kill himself. He is selling himself off and valuing himself and he acts as if he is making a business deal with himself. He also talks about how much money Biff will get and that he will be in front of Bernard again in terms of money. Bernard was their neighbour who was a clever boy and went to the same school as Biff and Happy. But back then, in the past Willy influenced his sons to just concentrate on being popular so they could accomplish the American Dream as soon as possible which is a failure of the American Dream because there is a lack of personality from both Biff and Happy. The stage directions are another significance in the play to represent the failures of the American Dream. At the very end of the play it mentions that the hard towers of the apartment buildings rise into sharp focus. I think Miller illustrates that even though Willy has now gone forever and is dead, the things that Willy hated the most will still be there and the society will move on which is a failure to achieving the American Dream because he has given up on himself and letting society win over him. In the video each time Willy went back into the past it was always set in the garden where it was bright. The contrast of colours between the clothes that were worn were the colours of the American flag. But in the past the colours were bright colours of red blue and white whereas in the present the clothes worn were more faded and dull colours. I think the costumes designers purpose here was to show the difference between the present and the past. I also think that the costume designer used bright colours in the past to illustrate that there was more hope for Biff and Happy to achieve the American Dream back then. I believe that the audience might respond to the faded colours of clothes worn in the present meaning that the clothes were old, demonstrating that the family could not afford to buy new clothes and other luxuries and this reflects a failure of the American Dream in the film. The ending of the play is effective because its a tragedy how Willy still believes in the American Dream after all he has been through and all the lies he has made up to accomplish this dream. There are many failures of the American Dream which makes the ending of Death of a Salesman effective because all these failures are revealed at the end of the play. Overall I think that Arthur Miller makes Death of a Salesman an effective ending in terms of presenting the failures of the American Dream by revealing the truth at the end of the play. The ending of the play is appropriate because it unravels all the unknowns throughout the play explaining why things happened and reasons why Willy, Biff and Happy had failed the American Dream .

The Fall of Two Great Men Essay Example for Free

The Fall of Two Great Men Essay In many stories, the role of protagonist is to endure hardship and losses but regardless, the resolution in these stories tends to be a happy ending. However, some writers such as William Shakespeare and Arthur Miller prefer more tragic endings for their protagonists. Although the protagonists enjoy a happy life in the beginning of both King Lear and Death of a Salesman, we quickly see their uprising hardship, loss, and their inevitable destruction. Not only the destruction of their surroundings but of their civilization, their family, and most importantly of themselves. In the beginning of the Shakespeares play King Lear, we see Lear as a strong and dominant ruler of the kingdom. His temper shows arrogance and that he is of strict judgment, which is first seen against Cordelia and Kent as they had both unpleased Lear by saying something he did not wish to hear. CORDELIA [ASIDE]: What shall Cordelia do? Love, and be silent.(Shakespeare, Act I,i, 62-63). This marks the beginning of the downfall of social order. This begins the collapse the great chain of being. Once the king surrenders the kingdom to his corrupted daughters, Goneril and Regan (whom he finds loyal), its only matter of time before social order ceases to exist. This also shows the breakdown of family as Cordelia was to marry the king of France due to her banishment set forth by Lear himself. Goneril and Regan plot the end of Lears kingdom by totally removing his title as king from the kingdom. Although set hundreds of years apart, Willy Loman in Death of a Salesman, faces a similar crisis. Although initially seen as a happy family, we soon learn that Willy Loman has had as affair with another woman. We also find out through one of his constant flashbacks that his older son Biff finds out about the affair and begins to distance from his father. Willy always forced his son Biff to become a successful in life but that became impossible as Willy slowly started to go insane. As a result of the affair and Willys  insanity, Biff decides to leave his father and Willy, now heartbroken, desires to commit suicide. And consequently, this results in the breakdown of their once happy family. Near the climax of the story, Willy also realizes that he himself is primarily at fault for Biffs struggles in life. Due to his lack of encouragement to help improve his sons school grades (math specifically), Biff must endure such hardships later on in life. Willy Loman and King Lear are both very different characters in terms of status but are yet very alike as they are both perfect examples of tragedy in each play. Willy Loman, who believed himself to be a big shot, and well liked, got fired from his job where he had worked for many years and lost respect from those around him. Thus, the social order in the story begins to collapse. The loss of his job creates financial problems for Willy, making it impossible for him unable to pay off his debts. His friend Charlie offers him a job but Willy refuses because of his pride. Furthermore, his belongings, be it furniture or electronics begin to break down. According to the common conception at the time that an item becomes useless by the time it is paid off also contributes to Willys stress, leading to his insanity, which tragically led to his death. Lear suffers a similar struggle as he becomes fed up with the drastic overturn in his life, that he has been betrayed and treated like dirt by his own daughters. What strikes him hardest is at the climax of the story, when Lear realizes Cordelias loyalty to him. In the resolution, Lear finds not her beloved daughter but only a lifeless corpse of her. Lear, heartbroken, sheds tears of sorrow and dies from that broken heart. Its very clear that such sufferings and unfortunate experiences create very tragic situations that can lead to the downfall of the protagonist. Both Willy Loman and King Lear made crucial errors because of their overweening pride, which lead them to their inevitable destruction. Their faults led them from one crisis to another, creating such tragic endings for them. In the end, all they were left with was pain and destruction. They caused harm to those around them, their family and most importantly, themselves. Bibliography 1. King Lear Shakespeare, William. _King Lear_ England: Hazell Watson and Viney Ltd., 1964. 2. Death of a Salesman Miller, Arthur. _Death of a Salesman._ Toronto: Penguin Books Ltd., 1977.

The Office Depot ECommerce Systems Information Technology Essay

The Office Depot ECommerce Systems Information Technology Essay Office Depot Inc., founded in 1986, is one of the leaders in the office supplies industry with its head quarters in Boca Raton, Florida, USA. The Office Depots supplies include business machines, computers, softwares and office furniture whereas the services cover printing, copying, document reproduction, shipping and mailing. The customers to the company include individual customers, small office/home offices, and medium-/large-sized businesses. The sales are obtained through numerous channels which comprises of office supply stores, an outbound telephone account management sales force, internet sites, direct marketing catalogues and call centres. Office Depot Inc., deals to customers in 52 countries all around North America, Europe, Asia and Latin America. The company operates more than 40 separate websites in the International Division. While the word e-commerce refers to all the online transactions, B2C stands for business-to-consumer and goes for any business organization that sells its products or services to consumers on the Internet. The business model followed by Office Depot is B2C e-commerce model. The model provides both strategic and operational benefits to the company. The model helps in low order processing costs; brand recognition; improved customer service; market extension to locations where no office supplies store exists; reduces labour cost due to streamlined internal process; and improved information system integration. The company follows click-and-mortar kind of B2C model where the company allows customer to buy products and services online as well as they have physical stores located at various locations. The model tied the e-commerce frontend to the companys inventory and order management systems, and conducted real time inventory checks to ensure stock was available nearby. The model is build in customer centric e-commerce systems were intended to make customers so satisfied with their online shopping experience that they would not bother looking elsewhere on the Internet to save a few pennies. Customers were able to check warehouse inventory in real-time, place orders online, pay for orders online, and arrange for returns at a local store. 4. Customer Value Proposition The customer value proposition basically means the benefits which the vendor is providing to the customers in return to the amount charged for the specific products or services. The Office Depot assures a broad selection of quality office products and services. These products and services encompass the following characteristics: great quality, innovation, value and satisfaction guarantee. The major challenges that officedepot.com has tackled reasonably are simple to use, have an improved search capability, an expanded range of item availability, and they are meeting the expectations of customers with shipping quality and timely delivery. 5. Revenue Model The main goal of introducing B2C website is to bring down the cost or improve customer service, however, the primary aims remains to be generation of revenue and earn profit. The officedepot.com is the website providing products as well as services to its customers. This is the most common type of e-business model for generating revenue. In this model, the electronic catalogue is made available to the consumers; they can select the desired products or services from the catalogue and put it in the shopping cart. Then the payment received from the customer is the source of earning revenue. After the successful implementation of the B2C model, the total sales revenue of the firm has gone up considerably because of e-sales. With over $4.9 billion in e-Business sales during 2007, Office Depot is one of the largest online retailers in the world. They believe in offering customers the best choice of electronic trading solutions available, with different purchasing options according to their needs. The figure1 indicates the sudden rise in the sales after the implementation of the website and the continuous rise thereafter. 6. Marketplace Office Depot deals in the segment of office products and services. They are in competition to be the market leaders in the segment. The range of products office depot sells includes business machines, computers, softwares and office furniture whereas the services cover printing, copying, document reproduction, shipping and mailing. The growing prevalence of the internet access has enabled new markets to emerge online. To tackle with the market of consumers and businesses of all sizes the company is being segmented into three the retail division, the business solution division and the international division. Office Depot operates over 1,200 office supply stores in North America.   Internationally, the company operates another 400 retail stores in 48 countries.   7. Main Competitors The main competitors to Office Depot are Staples and Officemax. Together the three companies are the market leaders in the office industry. However, together they account for about only 10% of the total estimated $300 billion market. They rest of the market is divided widely between supermarkets, wholesale retailers and smaller independent companies. Office Depot stands second to Staples in the total sales and profits but had greater sales and higher operating margin in the international market than the leading competitor. Office Depot by the division of the retail and business solution sales in the international market is trying to take advantage in the international market by acquiring contract office suppliers around the globe in profitable markets such as Asia and South America. Staples: www.staples.com OfficeMax: www.officemax.com 8. Comparative Advantages The Office Depot was the first to introduce the concept of shopping, ordering and managing shipments online for the office products and services segment. Office understands the nature, reasons, needs and concerns of customer by realizing that all the customers are not the same level. Every other customer has different wants and needs. The company has added the brick-and-mortar catalogue on their website and thus have successfully increased choices, selection and searching capabilities. Officedepot.com provides lower prices by discount offers, auctions and promotional prices. Special discounts are given to the schools. The product descriptions are clear and concise, and usually have measurements included, sometimes in graphical format as well. Officedepot.com has the advantage of belonging to a well established distribution infrastructure that can handle peak demand. It also has an established brand with a good and trustworthy image, large customer base, expertise and facilities to serve customers with catalogue sales, and has stores for handling product returns. Bricks-and-clicks retailers enjoy significant advantages over Internet pure-plays including lower customer acquisition and smaller marketing-related outlays. Officedepot.com website is designed with proper attention and it is capturing, dynamic, changing, offering new things and promotions, user friendly, not crowded or overwhelming, efficient and easy for navigation, just in time information for out of stock items, and easy to read text. 9. Market Strategy Office Depot targets consumers and businesses of all sizes. They range from individual customers to the small offices/home offices to the large offices and organizations. The main strategy is to provide maximum possible options combined with special discount offers. The basic market strategy followed by the officedepot.com to keep the customers intact and at the same time providing satisfaction is: Intelligent Search Facilities an amazingly easy way to locate the correct product every time Bulletin Board an effective online communication tool to reach all end users with important information User set-up and Management Office Depot Online is a self service solution putting our customers in the driving seat Controls tailored approval processes and budgeting are available to help you to manage your business Multiple Shopping lists list all your favourite items in one place to create your orders with 10. Conclusion Officedepot.com is one of the finest examples of the business-to-customer e-commerce model. The officedepot.com was introduced by Office Depot in order to meet the increasing requirements with the rapid growth of the Internet. The website officedepot.com is a click and mortar kind with inclusion of brick and mortar catalogue and thus increasing the options available to select from. The revenue generated is simply through the selling of the products. Officedepot.com does face stiff competition but with the kind of infrastructure and service it is being able to attract customers to itself. 11. References http://www.officedepot.com/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Customer_value_proposition http://www.living2xcess.com/2010/06/office-depot-strategic-analysis_01.html http://www.slideshare.net/socialcoop/ebusiness-models http://www.buzzle.com/articles/b2c-marketing-a-guide-to-business-to-consumer-marketing.html

An Analysis of Two Scenes in F. Scott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby Es

An Analysis of Two Scenes in F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Juxtaposing two scenes in a narrative allows them to be easily compared and contrasted.   In F. Scott Fitzgerald's novel The Great Gatsby, two such scenes require specific attention.   The impromptu party that is thrown by Tom Buchanan and his mistress, Myrtle Wilson, followed immediately by Jay Gatsby's party at his house, call for the attention of the reader because of the implications of these contiguous scenes.   The result of analyzing the two scenes is that one can infer certain qualities of each man's character.   By paying specific detail to the dà ©cor of the parties, the respect that each character commands from people at their parties, the guests who arrive at the parties, and the overall purpose of hosting the party, one can deduce that Tom and Gatsby are polar opposites. The first element of the parties that should be examined is the dà ©cor of Myrtle Wilson's apartment compared to that of Gatsby's house.   In the first line describing the apartment, the narrator, Nick Carraway, informs the reader of the lack of comfort in the apartment and the ensuing awkwardness of the setting: "The apartment was on the top floor - a small living room, a small dining room, a small bedroom and a bath" (33).   Nick's description makes it amazingly clear to the reader how unhappy and unpleasant the situation was, not only for himself, but for Tom and Myrtle, as well as the other guests in attendance, Catherine, Myrtle's sister, and the McKees, neighbors who live in the same building.   One can imagine the walls virtually closing in because of the overcrowding furniture, the overpowering size and strength of Tom and his ego, and the oversized picture of Myrtle's ... ...orks Cited and Consulted    Allen, Joan. "The Great Gatsby" and Modern Times. Urbana: U of Illinois P, 1994.    deKoster, Katie, ed. Readings on "The Great Gatsby." San Diego: Greenhaven, 1998.    Higgins, John A. F. Scott Fitzgerald: A Study of the Stories. New York: St. John's UP, 1971.    Hindus, Milton. F. Scott Fitzgerald: An Introduction and Interpretation. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1968.    Matterson, Stephen.   "The Great Gatsby."   London: Macmillan, 1990.    Pelzer, Linda Claycomb. Student Companion to F. Scott Fitzgerald. Westport, CT: Greenwood P, 2000.    Piper, Henry Dan. F. Scott Fitzgerald: A Critical Portrait. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1965.    Zhang, Aiping. Enchanted Places: The Use of Setting in F. Scott Fitzgerald's Fiction. Westport, CT: Greenwood P, 1997.    An Analysis of Two Scenes in F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby Es An Analysis of Two Scenes in F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Juxtaposing two scenes in a narrative allows them to be easily compared and contrasted.   In F. Scott Fitzgerald's novel The Great Gatsby, two such scenes require specific attention.   The impromptu party that is thrown by Tom Buchanan and his mistress, Myrtle Wilson, followed immediately by Jay Gatsby's party at his house, call for the attention of the reader because of the implications of these contiguous scenes.   The result of analyzing the two scenes is that one can infer certain qualities of each man's character.   By paying specific detail to the dà ©cor of the parties, the respect that each character commands from people at their parties, the guests who arrive at the parties, and the overall purpose of hosting the party, one can deduce that Tom and Gatsby are polar opposites. The first element of the parties that should be examined is the dà ©cor of Myrtle Wilson's apartment compared to that of Gatsby's house.   In the first line describing the apartment, the narrator, Nick Carraway, informs the reader of the lack of comfort in the apartment and the ensuing awkwardness of the setting: "The apartment was on the top floor - a small living room, a small dining room, a small bedroom and a bath" (33).   Nick's description makes it amazingly clear to the reader how unhappy and unpleasant the situation was, not only for himself, but for Tom and Myrtle, as well as the other guests in attendance, Catherine, Myrtle's sister, and the McKees, neighbors who live in the same building.   One can imagine the walls virtually closing in because of the overcrowding furniture, the overpowering size and strength of Tom and his ego, and the oversized picture of Myrtle's ... ...orks Cited and Consulted    Allen, Joan. "The Great Gatsby" and Modern Times. Urbana: U of Illinois P, 1994.    deKoster, Katie, ed. Readings on "The Great Gatsby." San Diego: Greenhaven, 1998.    Higgins, John A. F. Scott Fitzgerald: A Study of the Stories. New York: St. John's UP, 1971.    Hindus, Milton. F. Scott Fitzgerald: An Introduction and Interpretation. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1968.    Matterson, Stephen.   "The Great Gatsby."   London: Macmillan, 1990.    Pelzer, Linda Claycomb. Student Companion to F. Scott Fitzgerald. Westport, CT: Greenwood P, 2000.    Piper, Henry Dan. F. Scott Fitzgerald: A Critical Portrait. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1965.    Zhang, Aiping. Enchanted Places: The Use of Setting in F. Scott Fitzgerald's Fiction. Westport, CT: Greenwood P, 1997.   

Self-mutilation Essay -- essays research papers

There are many different definitions for self-mutilations, also known as self-injury, self-harm, or self-inflicted violence. One definition of self-mutilation is that is any self-directed, repetitive behavior that causes physical injury. Another definition is that self-mutilation is self-inflicted physical harm severe enough to cause tissue damage done without suicidal intent. This is just one example of the blurriness of the boundaries of self-mutilation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is very hard to pin point exactly who or why people self-mutilate, however there are known risk factors. The known risk factors are: the female gender, of adolescence and college age, involved in substance abuse, having a personality disorder, and having a history of self-mutilation. This does not limit the occurrence of self-mutilation within other genders or other ages. For example it is not very common that elderly people will self-injure, but there are clinical reports of it occurring in this age group before. The occurrence of self-injury can not be defined to one particular group of people. People who self-mutilate can be survivors of abuse, people who have eating disorders, or people who suffer from substance abuse. It can also occur in homes where there is violence with an inhibition of verbally expressing their emotions, or in a home that loses a parent do to death or divorce. However you can not limit this illness to people who are more susceptible, i t also occurs in teachers, medical professionals, lawyers, engineers, and high-achieving high-school students.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  People most commonly use self-injury as a coping mechanism; to relieve the tension or distress. People say that self-mutilating lets them â€Å"forget† about any feelings that they want to free themselves from. If the person uses the cutting self-mutilation they may feel that seeing the blood gives them a sense of well-being and strength. This would give them a feeling of empowerment, and they feel in control by enduring the pain that they inflict on themselves. Along with the feeling of releasing their tension and frustration there are other factors that can lead to self-injury. One of these factors is the lack or a role model, or the feeling of invalidation. Most people who self injure were chronically invalidated as a child, which led them to having a feeling of worthlessness. I... ...in other impulse control disorders and help to control the impulse of people who self-mutilate. There are also psychotherapeutic approaches, such as psychodynamic psychotherapy. This is the most common form of individual therapy. This therapy teaches self-mutilators more healthy ways to deal with negative things. Another psychotherapeutic approach would be dialectical behavior therapy; this therapy combines cognitive, behavioral, and supportive interventions. Self-mutilation is an unfortunate issue that people have to deal with, but with support from their families and friends, it can be resolved. One important thing to remember is that self-mutilation is not a failed suicide attempt. Also, people who self-injure are not bad people; they are just people that have to deal with some overwhelming issues that they don’t know how to deal with otherwise. Sources: Fong, Timothy. â€Å"Self-mutilation: Impulsive traits suggest new drug therapies.† Self-mutilation. Feb. 2003. Dec. 15, 2004 . Martisnson, Deb. â€Å"Self Injury Fact Sheet.† Self Injury Fact Sheet. 1999. Dec. 15, 2004 . â€Å"Self-mutilation: the truth behind the shame.† Over view of self-injury, self-mutilation. 2000. Dec. 15, 2004 .

Teaching and Education Goals :: Education Admissions Essays

Teaching and Education Goals Teaching is the most rewarding profession in the world today. Seeing a student accomplish a goal that you have helped them accomplish is exciting. Students learn each and every day about different things. It is our job as a teacher to help students to learn as much as they possibly can. Not all children learn the same way, so it is our job to find out what the best way is for that child to learn. Learning can be fun, but the child and the teacher work at making it fun. Rousseau stated, that children are initially innocent, although self-centered, and they learn through experiences. Rousseau believed that the individual self is more important than knowing how to analyze someone. Effective learning takes place when children have hands-on experiences with what they are doing. Rousseau also believed that children are not born naturally good. Educators should show the students right from wrong by setting good examples for them and treating them with love and respect. Some children are only shown this when they are at school. I was told when deciding my field of study that becoming an educator I would have five other professions included in my title. A mother, father, doctor, counselor, and a role model. Many of the children in the world today, do not have a happy home life and they need the attention that a mother or father would give them. They turn to their teacher for that attention. Helping students learn as mush as they can will not harm them, it will make them stronger in the world. Rousseau believed that an educator should ask questions on what was studied. Keeping the students mind working helps keep the students learning. Children are like rechargeable batteries, once they run down, don't throw them away, recharge them and let them run again. They will surprise you with what they can do.

Educating Special Needs Students

When it comes to special education, this belief really needs to be a true one because special education teachers will have to deal not only with behavioral students or students with high functioning disabilities but they will also be dealing with autistic students and students with severe intellectual disabilities (Grand Canyon University Course Material 2010).With the basic teaching principle â€Å"all students can learn†, teachers will enable themselves to find ways to help the students in learning social and life skills, get prepared to be independent, get a job and to enjoy quality of life regardless of their disabilities (Grand Canyon University Course Material 2010). Individuals with disabilities can show their frustration with anger, they can feel hopelessness, helplessness and have a sensation of disgust, fear and pity.Many times advocates, educators and even professionals fail by countermanding individuals with disabilities by not properly identifying the intellectual disability. The American Association on Intellectual Developmental Disability (AID, 2008) explains that Intellectual disability is defined as sub-average intellectual functioning but it also should include â€Å"resultant deficits in adaptive behaviors and its occurrence during the developmental period† (Grand Canyon Leistering Course Material 2010).All three conditions must be present in order to determine that intellectual disability is present in the individual. Sub-average intellectual functioning offers to intelligence which is consider as a hypothetical construct difficult to define and is tested with a method called Intelligence Quotient or IQ which consists of several questions and problem solving that gives scores up to 100. Adaptive behavior refers as to the ability of the individual adaptation to the environment and the changes that may come with it.And the third characteristic is the occurrence of a traumatic event which happens to an individual during the develo pmental period which is before turning 18. IQ tests are considered a reliable source of information but according to IDEA 004, â€Å"IQ scores can't be considered the determinant of intellectual disability. Individual personal characteristics and circumstances, cultural bias and low correlation between IQ tests remain issues; moreover a person's IQ changes over time and data over the test provides little and inaccurate information for instruction.Consequently, other definitions focus on individualized needs for supports†. According to AID (2008) causes of intellectual disabilities which happens during the developmental period, may include maternal infections like rubella, syphilis and taxonomists also because of intoxication's like rugs, alcohol, environmental hazards and incompetent blood type transfusions. Chromosomal abnormalities like Downs syndrome. Among others (Grand Canyon University Course Material 2010). Protecting Workers with Developmental Disabilities PAD (n. . ) say that people with mild disabilities can learn academics and vocational skills, those with moderate to severe disabilities can learn basic safe hygiene and self care skills along with social and communication skills and those with profound developmental skills can learn self care skills as well but they may need constant supervision and care†. The majority of the persons with disabilities are capable of learning, develop and grow, and they can become great productive an full participative citizens of the community.With appropriate education and accommodated lesson plans all students should be able to learn. One way to teach students with intellectual disabilities is by providing them with real life representing materials which are appropriate and safe for their age as well as interesting. Provide students with information with clear and easy to follow instructions which is revised in a constant basis. Celebrate accomplishments with positive dieback. Whenever possible and ac cording to the seriousness of the disability, try to teach the student is his regular school.Teach students tasks and skills that they will use in real life in a constant basis so they can relate what they learned to the everyday life(Grand Canyon University Course Material 2010). Another intellectual disability is Autism. This disability was first name and recognized in a district in 1943. It is associated with a series of conditions that include According to Autism Society of America (2000) â€Å"Disturbances of developmental rates, and/or sequences, responses to encore stimuli, speech and language as well as cognitive capacities and capacities to relate people, events and objects.This signs appear before the age of three† (Grand Canyon University Course Material 2010). At one time, autism was included in the definition of emotional disturbance. IDEA (2004) defines autism as an inclusion of serious impairments which include, verbal and non-verbal communication and social in teraction. According to American Psychiatric Association (2000) â€Å"autism spectrum disorders include a spectrum of that goes from Autistic disorder, Aspirer syndrome, Retest syndrome, a event disorder, distortions, childhood disintegrative disorder, and Pervasive developmental disorder.The characteristics include, apparent sensory deficit or hyper reaction to stimuli, Severe isolation or inability to respond to love and cuddly, self stimulation, tantrums and self abusive behaviors which raise the issue of aversive stimuli, calceolaria and psychotic speech and behavior deficiencies â€Å". The possible causes of autism vary and go from one unfounded theory to an-other but according to well known authorities, causes are not known and but evidence suggests that genetics ND biological factors are key.Very' little is still known about autism and because of this fact, educators need to be careful in how they treat autistic students. A therapy which is supposed to be appropriate for t he treatment of autism is dolphin-assisted therapy. It is recommended to provide autistic students with colored lenses to cure dyslexia and also facilitated communication. Lesson planning is key for educators to have success as teachers and help students succeed as well. Intellectual disabled students need extra help and clear one-on-one instruction but they definitely can learn. Educating Special Needs Students Educating special needs students can be challenging for all individuals involved. Students who may have intellectual disabilities, autism, and severe or multiple disabilities can have many bumps along the road of education. The impact of having a disability as a student can affect not only the student and the parents, but the educators as well. Policies, procedures, and programs are put in place to help these students succeed in the world of education. Intellectual DisabilityIntellectual disability is a general learning disability that appears before adulthood. Some people refer to intellectual disability as mental retardation. To define intellectual disability, it includes both a component relating to mental functioning of individuals and functioning skills in their environment. There are three characteristics of an intellectual disability. One is the intellectual quotation or IQ is between 70 to 75 or below.Two is the ability to adapt and carry on an everyday lifestyle such as acti vities, self-care, socialisation, and communication. Three is that the disability occurs prior to the age of 18. Generally the cause of intellectual disability can be caused at birth or during labor; these include temporary oxygen deprivation, premature births, low-birth-weight, and birth injuries. Often times there are a combination of genetics between two people that can form a certain disorder of the gene in their children. A person with a chromosomal disorder, too few or too many chromosomes, can develop an intellectual disability.Educating Special Needs StudentsAutismAutism is a disorder that impairs social interaction in verbal and non-verbal communication. It affects information that is processed in the brain by  altering the nerve cells. Signs of autism are usually noticed within two years of a child's life and the signs develop over time. Sadly there is no known cure for autism but there have been cases reported of children who have recovered. Medical expert have come to the conclusion that autism in some cases have been caused by premature births, early childhood vaccinations, Fragile X syndrome, Rett syndrome, and Tuberous sclerosis. Severe and Multiple DisabilitiesIn individual with severe or multiple disabilities is described as a person who has one or more disability. Some causes can be chromosomal abnormalities, premature birth, lack of oxygen, blindness, deafness, poor development of the brain or spinal cord, infections, genetic disorders, or injuries from an accident. The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act; IDEA made it easier for children between the ages of 3 and 21 to have access to suitable public education. Teachers have found ways to include disabled students in regular classrooms.The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act; IDEA has found a way to have an impact on classroom settings for disabled students. Inclusion classrooms have been beneficial for disabled children. Recent studies have proved that children have been f ound doing better on standardized tests and acquiring better social and communication skills to prepare themselves for life's day-to-day events.Other Educating Special Needs StudentsStudents in the classroom have also benefited by being exposed to disabled students. Other students have grown to accept and develop friendships with students who have disabilities. Students with severe disabilities have curriculums in programs that are specifically altered to fit their needs. A curriculum is set up so that students with learning disabilities will have a brighter future and succeed in their education. It is less likely for students to drop out of school and continue their education by having the stability of a curriculum that works in their favor of learning. Having a functional curriculum teaches students the skills that they need to become an independent individual.When using a curriculum, educators take into consideration what the particular student needs to excel in their course of s tudy and in their classroom. When the educator is aware of what the student  needs they will not waste time in their classroom focusing on areas that a disabled student will not benefit from. Educators will also use multiple instruction methods to help disabled students succeed. Audio and visual learning methods are incorporated to help disabled students overcome their weaknesses and find their strengths when learning. Along with the curriculum socialization skills will help disabled students enter at with others.By developing their socialization skills in the classroom disabled students will become more independent with other members of society. Following a curriculum for disabled students will help them as well as other students except them in the classroom. The benefits of accepting disabled students in the classroom will help them and other students to not segregate them while they are in school learning as well as to teach them the skills they need to interact in life's day t o day events outside of school. Educating Special Needs Students5Policies and procedures in the local school district concerning students with intellectual disabilities use the program Child Find. According to state and federal special education regulations, School Districts, Intermediate Units, and Charter Schools are required to conduct child find activities for children that are eligible for the services of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973. This program is to identify all children of school age that might need special education all related services due to problems that may interfere with future development and learning.From a legal standpoint each school is required to adopt the use of public outreach awareness. Identify children that are eligible for special education within the school district jurisdiction. Early intervention in special education services and programs must be made know to the public. Each school m ust establish a system to accomplish the necessary initial screening which is to identify and provide a screening of students to identify any academic, social, emotional, or sensory problems concerning vision, hearing, language, or speech difficulties. Teachers and other staff members must assist the students and work effectively with the students in the general curriculum. The child find policies and procedures are used to identify, locate, and evaluate children with disabilities.As early as possible early identification and an  assessment of disabilities will be implemented in a formal plan for the child. The timeline from the initial evaluation must be conducted within 60 days from the parents’ consent for the evaluation. Another program that the school district provides is the Title I of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act and the No Child Left Behind Act. Title I is a financial assisted program that helps schools with high numbers or children with low income fam ilies to ensure that their child meets the academic standards of the state. The No Child Left Behind Act supportsEducating Special Needs StudentsStandards based education reform based primarily on measuring goals that can improve individual outcomes in a student’s education. All public schools receiving the federal funding that comes along with these programs administer a statewide standardized test to all students each year. These text I also provide the parents a detailed report card on their child's performance. Based on the knowledge of the child’s results, it will help the educators and the parents in providing the student with the proper help during their learning years. Over all, learning can be challenging for anyone. But a student with severe or multiple disabilities may face a tough road that many of us may not understand. Having the proper guidelines in place and having everyone involved understand their role in a students learning world is essential to havi ng a successful independent student.

Influence of Confucianism on China Essay

Confucianism is a system of philosophy and religious practice that sprouted in China around 500 B. C. E, and which has had a tremendous impact on Chinese culture and politics since. It was created by a social philosopher named Kong-Fu-Tzu, who being convinced of his ability to restore order to the world devised a philosophy of morality and social duty. Unlike other political philosophies of the time such as legalism, Confucius placed importance on proper action through a moral code, not a legal code. This moral code was solidified with the threat of intense shame, both in the eyes of the living and in those of your ancestors who watch over your actions. But in codifying his philosophies in such a manner, he also set his own short-sightedness, misogyny and dated thinking into an immutable morality that plagues the Chinese to this day. It is in this way that any positive characteristics of Confucianism give way to the corruption of politicians and the serious injustice of the concept of filial piety as laid down by Confucius’ disciples. And furthermore, it is difficult to address these issues within the scope of Confucianism because they are the ways of â€Å"ancient wisdom† transmitted by Confucius, and are treated as immutably righteous. So, the injustice of Confucianism and the social disparity it promotes plagued China for millennia even to this day in some respects. Indeed, I believe Confucianism has had on overall negative impact on China. Confucianism, like Hinduism with its Code of Manu, has a hierarchical system that separates peoples into castes ordained by heaven. These castes are slightly less specific than in the aforementioned example, but they are still a very real dynamic in Confucian thought. Each person is considered to have duties to certain people or â€Å"filial piety† (Confucius, 45), a subject must serve his h/er ruler, a child must respect h/er parents, a wife must obey her husband. And though these relationships are reciprocal, as a ruler has a duty also to his subject, they are each organized in regard to a superior to h/er inferior. Rulers are seen as having a â€Å"Mandate from Heaven†, and to disobey your ruler is to bring shame upon yourself and your relatives. So not only was there legal repercussion for disobedience, but also the engrained shame of having disobeyed at all, even if you are being wronged or abused. Besides these stringent class divisions, women are treated as intrinsically inferior to men as a whole, making it exceedingly difficult for Chinese women. Male offspring are extremely important to a family as the Chinese divine heredity through the male parent and a grown son can be considered in breach of his filial piety, and thus shame his family, if he does not give birth to a son. As mentioned earlier, a woman must also obey her husband as part of her filial piety. To do otherwise would be to shame herself and her family. Moreover, a woman’s duty to her family demands that she marry whomever her parents see fit, which makes her beholden to both her parents, and to a man whom she did not choose as her spouse. In the Book of Mencius, it describes women as living through three subordinations, to their fathers as a child, to their husbands as an adult, and to their sons in old age (Lin Yu Tang, 743). All in all, Confucianism served to heighten the struggles of women in an already patriarchal society. Having been introduced to these inequalities in Confucian thought, it may come as little surprise that Confucius described a serious mandate of the state over the individual. Those in such castes as were seen fit to rule over others afforded themselves much power, and little can be done to challenge a hierarchy in which defiance means shame in the eyes of all your ancestors. Subjects owe filial piety to their ruler, and as such a ruler must be righteous in his actions, but is considered the clear superior to the ruled. Should a ruler not fulfill his duties properly, the peasants are still controlled by him. So, while the ruler can break his duties to his subjects and still retain the power to control them, the ruled must risk a great deal in breaking their duties to the tyrant. Thus, the concept of filial piety to ones ruler only serves to embed tyrants, and does not provide any real recourse should a ruler break his own supposed filial piety to the ruled. An interesting example of this sort of filial piety to a ruler can be seen in the Chinese â€Å"Book of Songs†, in which this poem appears in the section set aside for â€Å"folk and peasant songs†: â€Å"To be rejoiced in are ye, noble men, The foundations of the State. To be rejoiced in are ye, noble men; — May your years be myriads and without end! † (Nan-Shan-You-Tai, Poem 172). That such a poem might be considered a folk song seems strange as it seeks only to glorify noblemen. Such is the bias engrained in the poor that the noblemen above them were to be â€Å"rejoiced in†. Another of the most important tents of Confucianism is deference to, and respect for your superiors, especially your parents. Filial piety to ones parents is paramount in Chinese families, and there are many stories of children in ancient times that went to absurd measures to please their parents. Some of the known ways that children have been made to bend to their parents will borders on utter child abuse. One story speaks of a child named Min Tzu-chien who let himself nearly freeze to death to appease a cruel stepmother (Brians, para. 4). Another relates the tale of Wu Meng, a boy in the Chin Dynasty who purportedly let his belly be feasted upon by mosquitoes numbering in the hundreds so they would not feed on his parents (Brians, para. 5). A particularly telling tale of this kind is the story of Kuo Chi, who lived during the Han Dynasty, was very poor, and who cared for his mother and three year old son. He could not feed either fully, and his mother often gave a portion of her food to her grandson so he would not hunger. Kuo Chi having seen this, told his wife â€Å"It would be better if we buried our son. We can always get another son, but it is impossible to get another Mother. † Kuo Chi then dug a grave in which to bury his son, but upon completing it he found a pot of gold which read â€Å"Officials cannot take it, people may not steal it† (Brians, para. 6-7). Kuo Chi was rewarded for his willingness to sacrifice the life of his inferior duty (his son) in favor of his greater duty to his mother. While the level of truth in such ancient stories is suspect, they represent the way in which Confucius’ idea of filial piety could be bent to allow for horrible injustice and child abuse. Confucian disciples also instituted a National Testing System for political office. The purpose of which was to insure that rulers were chosen on merit and not on lineage. But though Confucius advised a thorough education regardless of class, it was simply not the case in much of China. Learning was important, but the poor simply could not afford to give their children the full range of education necessary to succeed in the examinations. China became a watered-down sort of Oligarchy where only those wealthy enough to give their children a thorough education could hope to see their children into public office, and disparity between castes increased because of it. Meritocracy can not exist where equality of opportunity does not. All of these things can be considered unjust, unfair and even despicable in some instances, but the notion of changing them is difficult while maintaining Confucianism because like most philosophy rooted in spirituality, to deny the prophet often is seen as denying heaven. The traditional Chinese were severely limited by Confucianism because they believed any deviance from the righteous way of life prescribed by Confucius could lead to great shame and sorrow, to complacency and stagnation. And yet, Confucianism has continued in China even to modern times, though the Communist Government seeks to be rid of it. New troubles have been loosed because of Confucianism including but not limited to â€Å"sex specific infanticide† in which female babies are aborted in favor of male children because the Chinese Government has placed a cap on the number of children a family can have. The strong preference for male children, fed by Confucianism, is directly responsible for this horror. What new problems these outmoded ways of thinking, thousands of years dated, will bring up no one can tell. But as long as the tenets of Confucianism meet transgressors with shame and derision, it will no doubt continue to have a negative impact on China as a whole. Works Cited Confucius and Jennings, William trans. The Confucian Analects. New York: George Routledge and Sons, Limited, 1895. Waley, Arthur trans. Book of Songs: The Ancient Chinese Classic of Poetry. New York: Grove Press, 1996. Yutang, Lin ed. The Wisdom of India and China. New York: Random House, 1942. Brians, Paul. â€Å"Examples of Filial Piety (14th Century CE). † Reading About the World, Volume I. 1998. Washington State University. 23 Mar. 2006, .

Impact of Brand Image and Advertisement on Consumer Buying Behavior Essay

Impact of Brand Image and Advertisement on Consumer Buying Behavior Impact of Brand Image and Advertisement on Consumer Buying Behavior Muhammad Ehsan Malik, Muhammad 1 2 Mudasar Ghafoor, 3Hafiz Kashif Iqbal, 4Qasim Ali, 4Hira Hunbal, 4Muhammad Noman and 4Bilal Ahmad 1Institute of Business Administration (IBA), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan Dean Economics and Management Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan 2School of Business, University of Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom 3School of Business and Economics, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan 4Department of Business Administration, University of the Punjab Gujranwala Campus, Pakistan Submitted: Apr 27, 2013; Accepted: Jun 3, 2013; Published: Jun 20, 2013 Abstract: Brand image and advertisement play a crucial role to boost up any business performance as brand image is an implied tool which can positively change people’s buying behaviors and advertisement is behaving as a driving force for any business as it’s an effective source to convey your message and stay in customer’s mind. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of brand image and advertisement on consumer buying behavior in the general public at Gujranwala city. Questionnaire survey was used to collect the data by using non probability convenient sampling technique. A sample of 200 questionnaires was used in which 175 responses were collected within the period of one month. Findings show that brand image and advertisement have strong positive influence and significant relationship with Consumer buying behavior. People perceive the brand image with positive attitude. Study depicted that teenagers in Gujranwala are more conscious about their social status so they prefer branded products and advertisement affects their Consumer Buying Behavior positively. In the last of article limitations of research, implications and suggestions for further research also included. Key words: Brand image Advertisement Consumer Buying Behavior INTRODUCTION can build long term profitable relations with customers. People in our society are so conscious about their any business can positively affect the behaviors of status and they prefer to use branded products to show people regarding brand image, satisfaction and loyalty. off their status symbol. Brand is considered as implied At present time in global and emerging markets device through which any business can attain the business war is not only on price but customer attraction, attraction of people and can enjoy the competitive edge. loyalty and relationship matters a lot. Companies are so In our local scenario it also considered as a valuable asset conscious about their customer’s satisfaction. for any business as it can change peoples’ buying Advertisement plays a crucial role for any business to behavior. It can play a vital role to expand any business. boost up its performance graph as it is a powerful strategy Brand image development is a long term process and it to attract your customers toward your product. In can prove a strong weapon to fight with your competitors. Pakistan advertisement also becoming a driving force for Customers rely on branded products and mostly prefer to any business because it can force people to change their buy products with well known brand name. Marketing behavior regarding your product in positive sense. valuable strategies and tools can develop the brand of Advertisement is a dominant and leading weapon in all any product. If brand is managed in effective ways, a marketing tools due to its positive impact on consumers’ business can enjoy maximum number of customers and buying behavior. It’s an effective way to communicate Refine quality of products and social

Deforestation Extinction Of Species Conclusion Essay

Deforestation Tropical forests include dense rainforests, where rainfall is abundant year-round; seasonally moist forests, where rainfall is abundant, but seasonal; and drier, more open woodlands. Tropical forests of all varieties are disappearing rapidly as humans clear the natural landscape for construction, to build roads and urban areas and make room farms and pastures (Lindsey, 2007). Although deforestation meets some of the human needs, it also has profound, sometimes devastating, consequences, including extinction of flora and fauna, social conflict, and climate change, challenges that are not just local, but global. At the current rate of deforestation, the world’s rain forest may completely vanish in the next century (Lindsey, 2007). Jungle burned for agriculture in southern Mexico. (By Jami Dwyer via Wikimedia Commons) Deforestation has many negative effects on the environment. The most dramatic impact is a loss of habitat for millions of species. Seventy percent of Earth’s land animals and plants live in forests, and many cannot survive the deforestation that destroys their homes (National Geographic, 2015). The forests are the home to a large number of animals; trees are also an important component of the water cycle (Bose, 2012). The roots of trees hold the soil together and prevent soil erosion. Deforestation at such alarming rate has been a cause of constant worries for environmentalists the world over (Bose, 2012). In some developing countries, massive deforestation is on-going and shaping climate and geography (Science daily, 2015). Deforestation may lead to a lot of causes, ranging from slow forest degradation to sudden and catastrophic wildfires. Deforestation results from removal of trees without sufficient reforestation; however, even with reforestation, significant biodiversity loss may occur Moreover, deforestation also alters the hydrologic cycle, the moisture in the atmosphere and the amount of water in the soil and groundwater (Science daily, 2015). Deforestation in indigenous territories by loggers, colonizers, and refugees has sometimes triggered violent conflict (Lindsey, 2007). Forest preservation can be socially divisive, as well. International and national governments and aid agencies struggle with questions about what level of human presence, if any, is compatible with conservation goals in tropical forests, how to balance the needs of indigenous peoples with expanding rural populations and national economic development, and whether establishing large, pristine, uninhabited protected areas—even if that means removing current residents—should be the highest priority of conservation efforts in tropical forests (Lindsey, 2007). There are a few reasons which cause deforestation; one of the biggest drivers of deforestation is conversion to cropland and pasture, mostly for subsistence, which is growing crops or raising livestock to meet daily needs. Farmers cut forests to provide more spaces for grazing livestock and planting crops. The conversion to agricultural land usually results from multiple direct factors. For instance, countries build roads and railway expansion into remote areas to improve overland transportation of goods. The road development itself causes a limited amount of deforestation (Lindsey, 2007). When loggers have harvested an area’s valuable timber, they will continue to harvest more. The roads and the logged areas become a magnet for settlers, farmers and ranchers who slash and burn the remaining forest for cropland or cattle pasture, completing the deforestation chain that began with road building (Lindsey, 2007). In other cases, forests that have been degraded by logging become fire-prone and are eventually deforested by repeated accidental fires from adjacent farms or pastures (Lindsey, 2007). Wildfires and slash and burn agriculture release carbon dioxide that would otherwise be stored in the forest biomass into the atmosphere. Forest regrowth and crops recapture some carbon, but overall, deforestation is a source of atmospheric carbon dioxide and therefore a contributor to global warming. In the Amazon alone, scientists estimate that the trees contain more carbon than 10 years’ worth of human-produced greenhouse gases (Lindsey, 2007). When people clear the forests, usually with fire, carbon stored in the wood returns back to the atmosphere, enhancing the greenhouse effect and global warming. Once the forest is cleared for crop or grazing  land, the soils can become a large source of carbon emissions. In places such as Indonesia, the soils of swampy lowland forests are rich in partially decayed organic matter, known as peat (Lindsey, 2007). During extended droughts, such as during El Nià ±o events (large-scale ocean-atmosphere climate interaction linked to a periodic warming in sea surface temperatures across the central and east-central Equatorial Pacific), (National Ocean Service, 2014) the forests and the peat become flammable, especially if they have been degraded by logging or accidental fire. When they burn, they release huge volumes of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases (Lindsey, 2007). It is not certain whether intact tropical forests are a net source or sink of carbon. Certainly, the trunks of trees are a large, stable pool of carbon that grows as forests mature or regenerate on previously cleared land. But trees, plants, and microorganisms in the soil also respire, releasing carbon dioxide as they break down carbohydrates for energy. In the Amazon, huge volumes of carbon dioxide escape from decaying leaves and other organic matter in rivers and streams that flood large areas of forest during the rainy season (Lindsey, 2007). Extinction of Species The variety and interdependence of all living things has led to the evolution of world. Man has been killing animals’ right since the time he acquired the skill of hunting (Bose, 2012). Although in those times, hunting was the means for survival, human beings continued to kill animals even after they had learned to cultivate crops. The relentless hunting by human beings, sometimes for the hide of a cheetah or the tusks of the elephants, or simply to cook the tasty shark fin soup, has wiped out the existence of a large number of animals in just a century (Bose, 2012). Besides hunting, human activities like deforestation and environmental pollution has led to the extinction of a large number of animals and plants due to loss of their habitats. Since prehistoric times, humans have used the earth’s resources to enrich their own lives. However, there is a point when the resources are being  overexploited, and this exploitation begins to threaten the existence of other species. Over exploitation presents itself in many forms: exhausting a species as a supply of food or hunting a species for trophies, clothing, medicine or souvenir. In the aquatic biomes, overfishing is a worldwide manifestation of over-exploitation (Hogan, 2014). In the case of terrestrial ecosystems, overgrazing and intensive cropping systems are the chief elements of over-exploitation. Hunting for trophy or medicinal extracts comprises smaller biomass destruction, but is specifically targeted at some of the most threatened fauna of the planet (Hogan, 2014). These practices are generally overtly mercenary, rather than being motivated by subsistence or hunger, as most of the farming exploitation. For example, tigers have been an integral part of traditional Chinese medicine for over 1000 years and as such, they have been hunted to the brink of extinction as a product of the lucrative trade in tiger body parts (Hogan, 2014). Base on this picture, these are the modern biotic extracts store in Hong Kong, China. Certain of these products represent trade in organisms that are endangered species. http://www.eoearth.org/view/article/150962/ Pollution is the introduction of potentially harmful chemical or physical constituents into the environment, which substances substantially harm individual species metabolisms, or which strongly and rapidly alter a stable historic ecosystem composition (Hogan, 2014). This introduction usually enters the atmosphere, soil or natural water systems of the Earth. Widespread air pollutants are sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide, and oxides of nitrogen. Water and soil pollutants of concern are heavy metals and a large category of pesticide and herbicide compounds (Hogan, 2014). Chemical pollutants may interfere with metabolic functions, causing functional impairment or death of organisms. Reductions in species numbers anywhere within a given food chain, of course, have ramifications to other members of the ecosystem (Hogan, 2014). Pollution is often a contributing factor along with habitat degradation in extinction processes. Here are some species that have all gone extinct in the past two centuries. The Quagga (Equus quagga ssp. quagga) was a subspecies of the common plains  zebra and a native of South Africa. Known for its unique stripes, the Quagga was hunted for its hide and killed by ranchers who believed the animals competed with livestock for grazing area. The last known Quagga died at the Amsterdam Zoo in 1883 (Gerken, 2013). Known as Tasmanian tigers due to their stripes, thylacines (Thylacinus cynocephalus) were the largest modern carnivorous marsupial according to the Smithsonian Institution (Gerken, 2013). They once existed across the Australian continent, but their habitat had been reduced to the island of Tasmania by the time European settlers arrived (Gerken, 2013).Thylacines were believed to kill livestock and were often shot and trapped. They were a convenient scapegoat for poor financial returns and high stock losses at a time of rural depression in Tasmania according to the National Museum of Australia (Gerken, 2013). The Tecopa pupfish (Cyprinodon nevadensis calidae) was native to the Mojave desert in California and could survive in waters as warm as 108 degrees Fahrenheit (Gerken, 2013). Human development around the Tecopa Hot Springs in the mid-20th century and the channelling of two springs together left the habitat unsuitable for the small fish. The Tecopa pupfish became extinct by 1970 or soon after (Gerken, 2013). Conclusion â€Å"Earth provides enough to satisfy every man’s needs, but not every man’s greed.†- Mahatma Gandhi. It is widely recognised that we are hugely overspending our current budget of natural resources. At the existing rates of exploitation, there is no way for the environment to recover in good time and save it for our future generation. Everything on our mother earth is interconnected, and while the nature supplies us with valuable environmental services. Without any of it, we cannot exist. We depend on each other’s action and the way we treat natural resources. We should adopt a holistic view of nature. It is not an entity that exists separately from us; we are an inalienable part of nature and we should care for it in the most appropriate manner. This is the only way we possibly solve the problem of environmental pollution. The only key to save our beloved Mother Earth has been wandering with us from the very beginning. It has been silently drifting, waiting for someone to discover its dominating power.